How to solve problems with syncing the iPhone?

I have an iPhone 4 (not 4s) and it is updated to the most recent IOS (IOS 6.1). However, IOS 6.1 deleted all of my apps, music, videos, movies, notes, contacts, etc. I want to get them back, and I learned that the solution is to just sync the iPhone from iTunes.
I tried this but had the error "session could not be started" pop up every time I attempted to sync the devices.
I have tried to delete all of the Preference/Devices backups on iTunes, then exit and re-open the program. That didn't work. I have tried to turn on Wi-Fi syncing, which also didn't work. I have a PC, but I do not have Windows 7 (I have Windows 8) so I can't run it in compatibility mode.
I have tried UFO mode and recovery mode also on the iPhone.
Any experts out there that have any ideas?
Thanks!

Added (1). I have also restored the iPhone after updating.

Restore The iPhone, & Then Try To Reconnect It

Did you already sync with iCloud? If yes, you can simply turn on your iCloud account to restore.

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