Will iTunes wipe my used iPhone if I plug it in?

I bought a new computer, and downloaded iTunes.
I have an iPhone 4s that's two years old now, so it's got a lot of apps, messages, notes, pictures, music etc. On it.
My problem is now, that iTunes has nothing in it, since I haven't plugged my phone in yet. I'm afraid that once I do plug my phone to iTunes, it will wipe my phone entirely.
Will iTunes actually wipe my phone and go back to the "New iPhone Settings"? Or will there be some sort or thing I can do to avoid my phone from getting wiped?

I would backup all your music and apps etc and then try

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