How to Back Up My iPhone Whilst It's In Recovery Mode?

ITunes is prompting me to restore my iPhone as it's put it into recovery mode. I haven't backed up my phone data and I'd like to do that before restoring. Is there a way of doing this? And as my phone is in recovery mode, I can't access my phone files through my documents (when phone is connected to laptop) and so I'm unable to copy my files to a memory stick or another part of my documents through that method

No, you can't. Who whole point or restoring the iOS is because something went wrong with it, like a bug or something that didn't like the iOS, and iTunes has to fix it for you.