I plan to build a simple robot using Raspberry Pi and Breadboard?

I want to build a simple robot using Raspberry Pi B+ and breadboards. I plan to build the robot's body using a 3D printer. But I have no idea what motors and wheels and stuff to use. So basically:

1. Body-3D printer
2. Processor-Raspberry Pi B+
3. Circuits-Breadboard
4. What do I need in a circuit?
5. What motors and cables do I need?
6. I also want to control the robot using my IPhone 4, could you tell me how to do this?
7. I have a very basic idea of electronics so could you point me to why I need what you are proposing. I have a computer engineering class and I'm learning bread boarding and stuff.
8. I want to use python for this project could you perhaps point me to a few tutorials regarding robotics and controlling physical stuff for beginners. I already am learning python programming myself, but I don't know how to apply that to hardware. I'm a total beginner and just started learning

Do like I did, buy a Pi2Go or Pi2Go-Lite, saves all the headaches, does exactly all the stuff you want http://4tronix.co.uk/store/index.php?rt=product/category&path=43

You are making the decisions in the wrong order - method of movement and thus hardware needs should have been first. It appears that your skills are inadequate for finishing this during this year. Lots of mechanical work (and problems) besides electrical and programming