If I get the Apple 87W Power Adapter with my new iPhone, will it charge my phone quicker than the 61W and 29W power adapters?

If I get the Apple 87W Power Adapter with my new iPhone, will it charge my phone quicker than the 61W and 29W power adapters?

No.
The adapter wattage rating relates to how much it is capable of providing without overload.

Think of it a bit like the fuse rating on home electrical circuit.
Small things work ok regardless, even several at once - the rating only matters if eg. You tried to run several high-power appliances off the same circuit, that woudl take more power than the circuit / fuse permits.

A phone will only take eg. 0.5A, 1A or 2A (or whatever it's max rating is) from a 5V USB power unit ("charger") so 2.5W, 5W or 10W etc. - nowhere near even the capability of a 29W unit which could give almost six amps.

A high powered 5V supply can charge two or more devices at once, if it has multiple outlets.
(I have a 30W unit with six usb outlets; as long as total of whatever is connected is no more than 6A it charges anything).

Yes it will, but partially because of the new phone