If I put my SIM card into new iPhone will messages me there?

My iPhone broke and I should be getting a replacement one,
And so my question is if I put my SIM card into a new unlocked iPhone
WILL NEW MESSAGES BE THERE?
Like messages that I receive while it is broken.

Well messages linger for a duration before "expiring" the duration is set via a button on phone so within that duration the messages will be cntinously sent to your phone and so will be found but after that duration the server stops sending and so it expires