My iPhone 6 was dropped in the ocean and it won't turn on?

Is there anyway I can extract the data from my phone? For instance, taking out a piece of hardware from it that could be put into another phone that will allow it to power up with all the same data, exactly the same as it would on my original phone?

Salt water is deadly to metal inside of electronics, you need to flush the salt out of the device before it dries, because it will corrode long after it dries, and continue to do so.

You need to find a cell phone repair shop As soon as possible that deal with salt and chemical (chlorine/bleach) from pools, hot tubs and salt water.

If you are handy, you can flush the device out with 90% (not less than 90% alcohol, to help stave off corrosive effects of the salt. You need to make 100% sure that you get the phone completely flushed out and dried before applying power (battery or charging).

A data recovery company "MAY" be able to pull data off component memory, but you doing it, is not likely to be successful (unless you know what you are doing).