What is 3 and 4 pole in 3.5 mm jacks?

I bought a case for my iPhone that has a small headphone port hole. As a result the AUX cable from my car doesn't fit into the phone as it is bigger than the hole.

Anyway, I'm trying to buy a thin male to female 3.5 mm extension so that it fits in with the case on. But I notice there are 3 pole and 4 pole ones

Which do I need and what are they?

Your average stereo jack for music should be 2 pole, one for each speaker. A third one is for video, so if the device plays video, and your iPod supports video out via the headphone jack then this will display on an external screen.

I'm not sure what 4 pole cable would be for, but either 3 or 4 will work anyway.

Belkin brand of aux cables use small connectors that should fit.
3 pole (left, right, ground) are standard for standard stereo audio signals. Because of devices like iPhone, a 4th terminal has been added for control signals. If you won't use such features (or the devices you connect to your iPhone don't support such control features) then the 3 pole cable is all you need.

3 Pole is the Standard Stereo ( L + R + Common )
4 Pole is usually for Video ( Video, L, R, Common )

On the iPhone, it is for left channel, right channel, microphone and ground.

Well, most earphones are likely have 3 poles, L, R, and Ground. If they have a microphone or buttons for controlling your phone then they are probably 4 pole…