IPhone 5 Backup/ Photo to computer?

I broke my phone screen and have to have it sent off to my insurance who will either fix or replace my phone. The screen it pretty bad so i have the feeling it will be replaced.

I have backed up my iPhone on itunes but what will this save?
I want to keep my Messages, Contacts, Photos, Notes.everything really but i'm unsure what this backs up?
Also how do i remove my photos from my iPhone onto my computer?

Also where could i find my saves messages on my computer if they are backed up?

Plug phone into computer with no programs open and your photo program should open asking you to import photos. The back up is stored in a file on your computer compressed. For total list of what itunes back up check out apple.com/support.