Advice on travelling photography?

I'm going to India in October and would like to take great pictures on my phone. I don't just want random blurry shots I take walking down the street trying to take a picture of everything. I have an iPhone 5s and my Instagram is private to me (I just like to have it to save my best photos) I'm not totally inexperienced but I want to just take incredible pictures of india for my Instagram, I'm only mentioning Instagram because I like the simplistic style it is all set out in and just so you have an idea of the style I'm going for. I just don't want a million rubbish pictures that don't represent what I see. I know loads of people take really amazing pictures using their iphones and other phones (my fiance also has a Samsung j5). I guess what I'm asking is are there any devices that attach to the phones or software or just anything that helps me capture the whole experience.

Good photography comes from learning and practicing. Whether the tool you use is a phone or an actual camera (which will allow you to do A LOT more than a phone), you need to learn how to create interesting and well exposed images. This isn't something that you will learn overnight, I have been photographing for almost 9 years and don't consider myself done learning. Find books and tutorials on photography, also be sure to find ones dealing specifically with smart phone photography.

Just about every point you mention is related to the choices that you make and not the camera, or in this case phone, that you use.

You will find using your phone in such a target-rich environment such as India a total waste of an amazing opportunity. Personally, you couldn't pay me enough to go take photos in India with a smartphone instead of a real camera.

Your phone as too wide of lens for portraits which is going to be a huge portion of your photos. The light that's required to avoid getting a lot of noise with smartphones means having to shoot in bright light and avoiding the golden hours before and after sunset or sunrise. In other words, you're limited to shooting during the time where the light is at its worst and harshest.

Don't want a million rubbish photos? Don't take them. You should understand why you're taking each shot. With that information, you should then exclude everything that doesn't support why you're taking the shot.

In all honesty, you're going to be kicking yourself for using a phone as a camera. Get yourself a real digital camera with a zoom lens and a real flash as opposed to an LED.