How to sync my PC OneNote to my iPhone OneNote?

I have a school PC that uses a "special" E-Mail for each student, ex: alexs@statefk.com. (Just an example.) When I tried syncing, using OneDrive, it didn't recognize the e-mail. I have no idea how to do it, or if it's even possible to be honest.

Sounds like your trying to use an Intranet account outside of the network. It won't work unless your schools network is also getting to the internet.

OneNote, stored on a shared location like your www.onedrive.com account, will allow the same OneNote file to be opened and shared on many different computers.
BUT a locally stored OneNote will typically only be accessible on that computer.
Where is your OneNote file stored?