How to factory reset iphone but keep information?

My iphone 4s has been having some issues and i need to factory reset it but i want to keep all my information so what should be done?

P.S. Do i lose my phone number and all that if i factory reset?

My iPhone won't sync pictures to my laptop?

My laptop used to have a box that popped up asking to import pics or open files whenever I would use my USB cord to plug in my iPhone and now it doesn't. I don't know what happened and would like help with trying to make it happen again. If more info is needed just ask.

I think I accidentally bought something off App Store?

I have a iPhone and this app I have says to get rid of adds pay for premium and now after I clicked it the adds are gone and I have the new stuff like it said? I didn't even enter the password?!What's should I say to my parents? Aldo I thought that in order to buy stuff you have to enter the password it was in app I never was told to enter the password?

On Iphone 5, how important is the steel cover that goes over the dock connector?

So here's my problem. I have an iphone 5 that I bought cheap to repair. Basically, the screen and motherboard just need to be connected. The person I bought it from, however, didn't include the steel case that covers the screen and digitizer connections. I got the connections to stay in place, and theoretically I could put it together as it is and it would work just fine.

But is it not safe to leave the dock connecters open like that? Will they disconnect eventually and mess up the phone?