Why is my icloud only backing up partial data?

I just switched from an iphone 4 to an iphone 5c. I don't really know much about cloud and its functions too well, but i had assumed that i would be able to just access the data on the iphone 4 on my iphone 5c.

I made sure in setting that photos/videos, notes, etc were all 'green' and checked for icloud. I checked the last date of backup, which says 12/11/13, only four days ago. I also checked the space used and i have 2.5 gigs left.

When i access my photos on my 5c, the stored photos end at july and only go before that. The hundreds of photos and videos taken since july until i received my new phone were gone. Same with notes. I check notes, and the iphone only has notes from the end of july 2013 and earlier. No august, september, october, november, and partially december.

How can i go about getting this data back/onto my 5c?

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